They have been offered only death — Gilles Deleuze

The autumn of the people of the third worlds. And yet, this is spring, the spring of blood and burnt flesh. Gun shot, Hibiscus. Shrapnel, Dahlia. Bunker buster, Orchis italica. 

The little heads of children roll easy along the earth scorched by phosphorous bombs, like fruits in the orchards. Flames bloom in olive trees. A dismayed child carrying a severed arm as if it were a bouquet. A boy speaking in tongues in a trance carrying the corpse of his little sister in a sack, like dead leaves. A mother curses poetry, whimpering and pointing to the little arm sticking out from the rubble of a bombed apartment; a lone Lilly held out in a pond of concrete for those in ‘the west’. 

Ancient pavements—older than Europe or America—now spit stones. The revenants are all awake—those who wrote and fought before letters were read in Europe, which is not Greece; Greeks were of the ancient world of Lebanon, Egypt, Iran, Palestine, and Afghanistan. The dead garrisoned in the Beqaa Valley now rise above their tombs scattered by thunderous bombs, to console and join the revenants of all the hills and the valleys—Hind Rajab (1), Abdi Riša, Nasrallah, Shaushtatar, Kanafani, Tushratta, Shadia Abu Ghazaleh—to raise an army unlike any other that America has seen. For they know, America kills.

The American slave kingdoms of the desert, too, know that their people—always hidden contained behind the veils, in prisons, and smothered by the imposed illiteracy—are aware that they are merely the slaves held by the king slaves. The servant kings in torpor and the intoxicated slave princes perhaps know this, since Netanyahu (2) showed the map made in America, that the arms (and arms) are extending towards them. The only justification to retain a kingdom is the pretence to the so called international law—that they are sovereign countries with their own people. From Palestine onwards—but also the American invasion of Lebanon in 1958, Iraq wars, Afghanistan, Syria—it is clear that America-Israel does not need to follow this norm that is slowing their advance. 

Brahmin, the “Pariah”, and international law

The sanctity and infallibility of the Vedas, Smritis and Shastras, the iron law of caste, the heartless law of karma and the senseless law of status by birth are to the Untouchables veritable instruments of torture which Hinduism has forged against the Untouchables.— Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

The extermination project that has begun in Palestine and Lebanon is making it clear to everyone in the third worlds that America is creating a new epoch, and the only epoch a country such as it can make. In this epoch, America—which has already killed directly and indirectly more people than any other country on earth—seeks lands without people, the minerals, the oil, the military fortifications which are secure as they gaze ahead into the expanses without man. The phrase “Israel has a right to defend itself” means people and countries that had come and are soon going to come under American-Israeli “interest” in Asia and Europe do not have any right other than the right to submit or the right to perish.

The map of America-Israel shows the path to India, after Iran. There is a barely literate government in India—long ago was the India of the cunning of Gandhi, the acuity of the polymath Ambedkar, and the historicised mastery of world politics of Nehru—which is now aiding with trolls and drones their ‘Bibi’. The Gandhian cunningness above all else was what Mossadegh—the democratically elected politician of Iran, who was overthrown in a coup by Britain and America in 1953, for being excessively and inconveniently democratic—lacked while he possessed erudition and passion for politics as the fight for freedom (3).  

But those who are able to see all this in its aspect, and more acutely, are the Jewish intellectuals and activists of the world— “I speak here as an intellectual, a Socialist, and a Jew (among other things, since I don’t believe in exclusive identities)” (4). They assert what many ‘western’ countries are afraid to admit—it is America’s extermination feast through the arm of Israel and the vilest instrumentalization of the Jewish people and their historic suffering (5). They are not confused by the conversations about international law; they know that such things are applied after the deaths and the spoils are found sufficiently filling by the victors. The most brave Francesca Albanese (as Norman Finkelstein and others have remarked, opposing ‘them’ invites death), UN Special Rapporteur on the Occupied Palestinian Territories, often speaks of international law as though it were a well determined logical fact. However, the language of Albanese conveys the horrific values underlying this ‘international law’—“I think it is unavoidable for Israel to become a pariah in the face of its continuous, relentless, vilifying assault of the United Nations, on top of millions of Palestinians.”(6) In Albanese’s case, this expression—“pariah state”—is innocent as it is the adoption of a common place that was used for many other states in the past. 

The Tamil language term “Pariah” was adopted by the colonial powers using a racialisation schema created in imitation of the “Aryan doctrine” of the Brahmins of India. This doctrine is the auto-constitution of being a special people, “Arya”, who must raid, pillage, denigrate and dominate all other peoples it encounters in its path of expansion of territories; it is the exercising of a theologically given right, a pact with the gods, who receives sacrifices offered by none other than Brahmins. It quickly moved along a hypophysical—the conception of the nature of a thing as its value itself—axis into Europe along with the “Aryan doctrine” (7), and thus began the path towards the concentration camps. That is, ‘the west’ is the euphemism for the continuing white imperialism and its military alliance derivative of the “Aryan doctrine”. 

The other path to auto-constitution of the ‘west’ is the appropriation of the intellectual history of the Greeks, who did not know themselves as Greeks. The Greek schema of relations with other peoples—racist by today’s norms—sought relations only with their south east. In other words, the so called Greeks exchanged philosophies, loves, astronomy, myths and wars only with what was to their east—Lebanon, Egypt, India, Iran, Afghanistan and so on. 

Now, the “pariah” or “paraiyar” travelled to Europe and found a place in Victor Hugo’s literature. Of its theoretical uses, Weber’s was, perhaps, the most influential followed by Arendt’s well known text “The Jew as Pariah: A Hidden Tradition” (8). For Arendt, Jewish people were the ones “to weave the strands of their Jewish genius into the general texture of European life” and with the “vision” of how “Jewish creative genius could grow and contribute its products to the general spiritual life of the Western world”. Instead, the political and social life of Jewish people came to range between that of the parvenu and “pariah”, without these two ever being offered as a choice, since the Jewish people were never given equality and acceptance among the highest of ‘the west’, which was by then conceived and configured in the analogy of the “Aryan doctrine”. The terms “pariah” and “parvenu” circulated between the two poles of the same desire, being denied by this very image of the “Aryan doctrine”— “The parvenu who fears lest he become a pariah, and the pariah who aspires to become a parvenu, are brothers under the skin and appropriately aware of their kinship”. Arendt’s understanding of the term “pariah” is further revealed when she speaks of “pariahs, calmly enjoying the freedom and untouchability of outcasts”.

The first lesson to learn here is that Arendt uses the “Aryan doctrine”, the doctrine made by the ‘highest’ for the  ‘highest’ (“Arya”), to conceive the crisis of sense in Jewish political life by adopting the name of the lowest of castes— the political category is today Dalit—the “pariah”, whose very sight is polluting according to this doctrine. That is, the sense of Jewish political being is conceived still in the terms of ‘the west’, and an ambition is set for the “Jewish genius” to reach the height of the “Aryan genius”. 

The second lesson points towards the very meaning of “pariah state” and also towards the discourse of international law as still entwined in the “Aryan doctrine”. For Arendt, “the despised pariah Jew, dismissed by contemporary society as a nobody, could at least share in the glories of the past”. The “pariah” or “Paraiyar” of India have no “glories of the past”, wealth, or the possibility of ever being “parvenu”, nor are they given the freedom even today to walk the streets and pursue their studies. They are killed routinely. Instead of relishing in the “Aryan” model of “creative genius” and the Jewish possibility of “enjoying freedom and untouchability”, the Paraiyar of India have always lived through the tremours of the image of imminent death, like the Palestinian people now.

It is impossible that in this deft interpretation of Jewish political being Arendt did not know the meaning of the term she was deploying, for she was a scholar. Or else, she may have adopted it with the same levity with which the ‘west’ appropriated the “pariah”. As Aarushi Punia wrote in Philosophy World Democracy, “Ultimately, the outcaste whose fate Arendt was concerned with was the Jew and not the Pariah or the Indian untouchable” (9). We must mark here—This use of “pariah” is objectionable. 

The discourse of international law continues to deploy “pariah” without the “Arya” because we know who the “Arya” are; that is, those who have the power to kill anyone today, anywhere, make and unmake laws, kneading mass deaths with bloody hands, and pretend to a certain “nobility”—the quality of knowing or wanting to know—while in reality remaining ἰδιώτης or idiots in all their senses. Instead of determining the meaning of politics and law through the equivalent terms—including (but not exhausted by) “terrorist”, “immigrant”, “extremist”—the future awaits a different discourse of law, and the life of the earth, which can only be realised once America comes to stop exterminating brown and black people and totally withdraw from their lands. 

Law and force

I did not move a muscle when I first heard that the atom bomb had wiped out Hiroshima — M. K. Gandhi

The actuality of law is the ritual spear in the hands of the one who already has several for war in his chariot. America is the very law of this lawlessness. America and its ‘west’ have been preparing the oppressed people of Palestine, Lebanon, West Asia in general, and Africa for their death. They are told they must not raise armies against their exterminators. They can resist, a little, but ‘non-violently’; that is, they must commit to their own death as a political destiny for the greater good—the good of the ‘west’. 

We have found previously, in the context of M. K. Gandhi and India, that the concept of violence (and non-violence) is not jurisprudential. Instead, “violence” is derived from the hypophysics of forces—that is, identifying a value with a particular scale of force. A force effects a change in the regularity of something else; or it helps to constitute a new regularity altogether. Force is inseparable from the regularities and irregularities which are themselves components (στοιχεῖον) in a complex of relations. For example, the rockets sent by Hezbollah into the empty fields in Israel and the drones sent by Israel to kill Palestinian children are components in relation with the componential regularities of exchanges and gifts from other countries; the trade in illicit commodities; networks of corruption which is the very foundation of capitalism; and, theological sanctions which are often used to override morality. That is, guns are never given in a mere exchange for the oblations to gods.  

In hypophysics—which permeates our understanding of force, resistance, and war—certain forces are conceived as good in themselves; for Gandhi, death is the height of good force as it does not effect any changes in something else. Each death is the disappearance of a singular epoch of exchanges of regularities and irregularities. The passivity of the passive resister of Gandhi is this readiness for absolute passivity—the purest non-violence. Unlike the middle class ‘western’ intellectuals and academics who would like the people of Middle East to resist or just die passively adhering to Gandhi, while the ‘west’ retained the force and right to exterminate everyone else, Gandhi himself had other plans. The ‘western’ moral stance is the denial of power to act and to wage war, and this intellectualised and aestheticized slaughter of the will to live is evil. Without this aestheticized moral stance of non-violence and the theatrical appeals “to all parties to stop”, no extermination campaign or its encampments can proceed. 

Gandhi’s passive resistance was not an instrument in a particular encounter attuned to the ends that were in sight—expelling England from India. Rather, Gandhi was not hypocritical. He wanted the whole of humanity to be passive resisters, in such a way that humanity itself surrenders to death and leaves the earth a field of ruins of man; or, adaptable conditions for animals who may not have the concern for ruins. 

Force must be thought again and again for each occasion without hypophysical seizures of it. Here, in the face of the American-British-Israeli ecstasies at extermination we should recall that we have duty to not be killed—the very first duty towards what is called humanity. When we know that we, the third world, are going to be faced with more and more extermination wars, we should assume that sufficient force is not being cumulated and its distribution and actualisation are not efficient for preventing our own exterminations. We, the third world, alone can prevent, and have any interest in preventing, the exterminations in Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Sudan, Congo, Iran, Myanmar, Yemen and so on. And then eventually Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and so on.

Amidst the chaos of suffering and desperation one can see several who appeal to the wisdoms and kindness of China and Russia. This is foolish. All powerful nations await these new conditions—the exterminations— to prevail in order to take their own share. It is in their interest to see to it that America spells out the law of lawlessness, and then to partition the lands without people with America.  

But this is not a recent realisation for the world, that there is no such thing as international law. In the International Military Tribunal for the Far East or the Tokyo trials (1946 - 48), an Indian judge named Radhabinod Pal gave a dissenting judgment where he called the jurisprudential grounds and the death sentences derived from it a “sham”. If universal legal principles were applied then Americans from Roosevelt and Truman to the generals and the pilots who dropped the bombs should have been hung. Instead, criteria for crimes and their corresponding laws were selected—much like how America selects political leaders in most countries of the world—to avoid being punished for American crimes that were on par with the Nazis (but also of another order), and the crimes they intended to carry out in future. That the Americans were not hung in Japan is the real foundation of the sham we call international law.

Justice Pal wrote in his judgment, which should be quoted at length,

I might mention here in passing that like the Western people the Japanese also were mostly worshippers of "a god of the chosen people". I am not sure if the fear which the white world was entertaining from this rising racial feeling in the East might not be ascribable to what Professor Toynbee refers to as the third of the elements in "the situation which go far towards accounting for the strength and virulence of Western race-feeling in our time”. The atom bomb, we are told, has destroyed all selfish racial feelings and has awakened within us the sense of unity of mankind. It may, indeed, be that the atom blasts at the close of the Second World War really succeeded in blowing away all the pre-war humbugs; or it may be that we are only dreaming (10).

We were never “only dreaming” but we refused to act against America the same way we let Nazi Germany flourish to the point of extermination camps. Hiroshima is in Gaza, “In Gaza, bleeding children are being held [by their parents]. It’s like in Japan 80 years ago” (11).  

We always knew this in the third worlds. And in these nights darkened by blood flowing over the eyes and lit like a thousand suns by bombs in many a third world country we should begin another practice. Before we put the children to sleep, we must warn them—America kills.

The Anglo-Saxon “Aryan Doctrine” and the Place of Jewish People in It

The grandson of a victim of the gas chambers myself, I find it unbearable that the memory of the Holocaust is instrumentalized to justify colonization, apartheid, oppression, extermination, in the name of the defense of the ”Jewish People”. — Étienne Balibar

What ties Hiroshima to Gaza is not Israel, it is America. However, it is also the desire—in the sense of that image which draws the faculty of will—which seeks to be identified with, or to seek recognition within the “Aryan doctrine” that continues to offer Israel up to America. The tragedy of Jewish people—identified by Arendt without her being able to think beyond it, as a non-choice between either the “pariah” or the parvenu to the “Aryan doctrine”—is evident in the statements made by Netanyahu, his cabinet of ministers, and other politicians in Israel. They have been appealing woefully to the image of ‘the west’ equating it with “civilisation” (there has never been an American civilisation in any sense of this term), and all this series remains determined by the “Aryan doctrine”. 

How else do we explain these statements of Israeli politicians?

A) "The entire Gaza Strip should be emptied and levelled flat, just like in Auschwitz." — David Azoulay, the head of the local council of the town of Metula (12)

B) 'As Hitler said,' Moshe Feiglin said to Channel 12 news, 'I can't live if one Jew is left,' we can't live here if one 'Islamo-Nazi' remains in Gaza' — Moshe Feiglin, Former Israeli MK (13)

C) “Hitler didn't want to exterminate the Jews at the time, he wanted to expel the Jews. And Haj Amin al-Husseini went to Hitler and said, 'If you expel them, they'll all come here.' 'So what should I do with them?' he asked. He said, 'Burn them.'” — Benjamin Netanyahu (14)

While today many scorn at the statements of the politicians of Israel as being “lumpen”, they remain continuous with the desire for recognition in the “Arya doctrine” expressed by “bourgeois” intellectuals and politicians in the past in terms of JewGreek, GreekJew, Judaeo-Christian. It is too late now to think in particular about Israel, as it will forever be the apartheid state that conducted the heinous crimes against humanity, raped its prisoners, assassinated children with headshots, for the genocide, and for the extermination campaigns. But the danger created and managed by America and Britain (one only has to locate in which countries British Petroleum operates to its role in the miseries of the people) to the Jewish people is rising. 

As Tanya Reinhart wrote, “Israel’s birth was in sin […] during the war of 1948, 730,000, more than half of the Palestinian population […] were driven off their homeland by the Israeli army”. (15) But attributing this constitutive sin to the Zionists alone is to foreclose the possibility of any peace. The first sin was British, and through the malice of division Britain created sectarianisms and conflicts in its former colonies for future exploitations. In West Asia including Iran, British greed for oil remains one of the primary causes of all miseries. 

Even before the Second World War Britain, and for a while France, had instrumentalised the suffering of Jewish people in order to create a base and a right—the right to prevent antisemitism—in West Asia, and to prevent any political unions of consequences appearing in the former Ottoman states. America took over the instrumentalization of antisemitism and the right to administer the fear among Jewish people of another Shoah in the future through its aiding and controlling of the Zionist state. Even today Netanyahu must appeal to and affirm the American patriarchs— “With American support and leadership, I believe this vision can materialize much sooner than people think“—in contrast to the image of his defiance of Biden in the American propaganda to protect American image, in case the war games go out of control. Of course, Netanyahu cannot be exonerated in any court that recognises that justice contradicts “American interest” in genocide and war crimes. But such a court must try the present American British administrations as well. It is not impossible. 

It is this situation that gives the Jewish people a choice only within the “Aryan doctrine” or the image of ‘the west’ that is anti-Semitic. It is the very instrumentalisation of the Shoah, which was preceded by centuries of pogroms, and of Zionism for Anglo-Saxon oil profits that is today the worst of anti-Semitisms. It is in this sense that we have to understand Jake Romm’s statement that, “Zionism is an antisemitism, first and foremost, because it internalizes and recapitulates the very same European antisemitism that sought the extermination of the Jews in the Shoah”. (16)

The future of Israel is invisible to it; it is the same affliction given to all those who cross the limits of Primo Levi’s argument if this is man. Those who witness the impossible—impossible, if this is man—committed by their own hands receive the cataract in their eyes, and from thereon they live beneath (κατάθεμα) and under its weight. All American soldiers carried the cataract from the Asian deserts and mountains to their homes: America is already a country living beneath (κατάθεμα) this cataract. 

If the Jewish people and the Palestinians seek to form a new country today, under a new model, it will threaten the oil super wealth of America and Britain. For that reason, America will continue to prohibit the appearance of the political conditions in Israel through which a democracy—where Arabs, Jews, Palestinians and Christians will be able to live in their own shared indestinacy—can be realised. Such a project will be opposed in the same way that America successfully opposed Socialist parties in Europe, India, and Iran since the 1950s; and, in recent years the destruction of politics itself in Britain. The American taboo in politics—no real democracy anywhere—is as distinct an experience as any other taboo. Today, America determines the political course of nearly all the countries of Europe, with the European Union becoming indistinguishable from the bureaucracy of NATO. 

Can you imagine Corbyn a British prime minister, or Melenchon a French president?  

Resistance Intifada, Revolution Inquilab 

We hear incessant roar of heavy gunfire. We see grenades exploding. I am in a very good mood. — Ludwig Wittgenstein, 9 October 1914 

Netanyahu keeps selling the people of the region—Palestine, Lebanon, Iran and all the others implied—the Zionist deal, either be killed or just kill yourselves. As if to punctuate the point with deaths—the only tongue now spoken by Israel-America is death—a 12-year-old Palestinian child is shot dead in the West Bank. (17) Israeli hospice dropped firebombs on the tents where the injured and the dying were sheltered. The lit children are still moving; wicks on flesh. (18) We can smell the human incense wherever we are; we can hear the bones of children cackling in that furnace wherever we are.  

We know this fire will be gathered into a storm by Israel-America and their ‘western’ slaves towards tents in the deserts, huts in the hills, villages of the valleys from Asia to Africa. In this furnace of human flesh, they will cook their godly meals. In the air filled with the incense of flesh, when the feast opens, they will have put all the gods ever imagined to shame.

This cannot be a philosophical reflection, not anymore; for if it were, it will then be a call to arms. If not a call to arms, then it will be akin to letting these mass deaths fester the earth itself the way it did in Nazi Germany. This world now whimpers before the possibility—the American deal—of the earth being left behind as the stigma of the human animal, without the human animal. 

This is a call to arms to all those who think.

Then, we have to think a little about that to which we may contribute, with whatever we may have—stones, paper, words, food, guns, reason, money, metal. Is it Intifada (an inflection within resistance) or Inquilab (the surge of a revolution)?

The intifada or the unrest created a system of resistance, and from the peripheries of these many systems of resistance other intifadas arose. But there is a distinction between resistance and revolution. Any resistant system—Hamas for example—remains in a componential relation with the system of oppression. The older example of the factory workers, the union, and the capitalist shows that the resister is never more than a component of the capitalist system. When the workers strike to raise their wages the union leader takes the middle position and negotiates with the management. Taking a cut from both parties the union leader gives the workers a marginal increase in their wages and for the management longer working hours. The resistance has now lost more than they realise.

The role of resistance in any political system is to perform the function of regulation—not too fast, not too slow—while the creation of new regularities are always the right of the oppressor. Towards the expenditure to exist, resistance must constitute componential relations which would eventually compromise it. These compromises can include corruption as the real power of capitalism; weapons trade; becoming a militia to acquire working knowledge of ‘the field’; and, even deals with the oppressor. Sojourning this path one necessarily comes to be the Palestinian Authority, which is now an arm of the Israeli apartheid state, which points out which young men and women are trouble to their torturers. 

From Intifada we should begin to think and practice the opening acts of Inquilab or revolution. Revolution is first of all the recognition that a majority is oppressed by a minority, who have divided the oppressed according to ranks, sects, and religions. Secondly, it is to will that the present situation, the status quo, in any of its forms or variations offered up in the future is unacceptable. Thirdly, the revolutionary will must be created, which requires the image of the world without the oppressor, and an image that demands and secures for all the promise that there shall be a people of Inquilab who will no longer let any oppression commence amongst them. That is, resistance is possible without women leaders, which will eventually be realised as the Palestinian authority. But Inquilab cannot be lit without the torches of women revolutionaries.  

Everyone else in the third worlds (and second worlds including the precarious Eastern European countries) can see now that the Palestinians and the Lebanese freedom fighters are dying for the liberation of all of us, for the very survival of humanity—that is, opposing the American schema of politics which is a nihilism that identified itself as the value—American nothing—to be produced everywhere, while destroying all that is opposed to this lumpen nihilism, including philosophy.

Oppressed people of the world unite! We have nothing but our lives to lose. We have a world to make. 

Notes

1. Hind Rajab was 5 years old and trapped in a car when she was killed by Israeli soldiers who fired fired 335 rounds from their tanks. American and British media referred to her as a “woman”. See Arwa Mahdawi, “The adultification of children has consequences from Palestine to the US”, The Guardian, 04 May 2024, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/may/04/adultification-children-palestine-us  

2. “In UN speech, Netanyahu holds map showing West Bank, Gaza as part of Israel”, Middle East Monitor, 27 September 2024, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240927-in-un-speech-netanyahu-holds-map-showing-west-bank-gaza-as-part-of-israel/ 

3. There are many in the ‘west’, and also the Iranians living in the ‘west’, who dream of bikini beaches in Tehran in the monarchical puppetry run by Britain and America through the Shah. But the destruction of democratic possibility through the coup that brought down Mossadegh is hardly understood. The tragedy of Mossadegh and Iran is one of democracy itself, and it shows that it is fragile. It is also the reason many countries in the world refrain from democratic expansions and experiments, fearing the destruction of their people by America through coups. Iran remains threatened with British revenge and American will to extermination, as shown by the statements of Hilary Clinton and Kamala Harris in recent times. See Mark Curtis, “Iran 1953: MI6 Plots with Islamists to Overthrow Democracy”, Declassified UK, 1 August 2023, https://www.declassifieduk.org/iran-1953-mi6-plots-with-islamists-to-overthrow-democracy/ 

4. Étienne Balibar, “The Genocide in Gaza and its Consequences for the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict”, Philosophy World Democracy, 19 September 2024, https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/articles-1/the-genocide-in-gaza-and-its-consequences-for-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict 

5. Twitter feed of Medea Benjamin, https://x.com/medeabenjamin/status/1844863934391628071?s=61&t=JA0tABAj0IbdTsr5RcCSkg

6. Emphasis added. “Israel will become a ‘pariah’ over Gaza ‘genocide’, UN rights experts say“, Al Jazeera, September 17, 2024, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240917-the-uns-protection-of-pariahs/ 

7. See Divya Dwivedi, “The Evasive Racism of Caste—and the Homological Power of the "Aryan" Doctrine”, Critical Philosophy of Race, vol. 11 no. 1, 2023, p. 209-245. Project MUSE, https://muse.jhu.edu/article/887363. For the birth of a European self identity and the fabrication of a vague historical depth through the “Aryan doctrine”. 

8. Hannah Arendt, “The Jew as Pariah: A Hidden Tradition”, Jewish Social Studies , Apr., 1944, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Apr., 1944), pp. 99-122.  

9. Aarushi Punia, “Calypsology of Caste through Metaphorization“, 22 November 2020, https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/book-reviews/calypsology-of-caste 

10. Radhabinod Pal, International Military Tribunal for the Far East: Dissentient Judgment of Justice Pal, Kokusho-Kankokai Inc, Tokyo, 1999.

11. “Atomic Bomb Survivors Win Nobel Peace Prize, Say Gaza Today Is Like Japan 80 Years Ago”, 11 October 2024, https://www.democracynow.org/2024/10/11/nobel_peace_prize_nihon_hidankyo 

12. “Israel-Palestine war: Israel should 'level Gaza and make it look like Auschwitz', says official”, Middle East Eye, 18 December 2023, https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-war-level-gaza-make-like-auschwitz-says-official 

13. “Former Israeli MK Quotes Hitler While Discussing Gaza War“, Haaretz, 16 June 2024, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-06-16/ty-article/former-israeli-mk-quotes-hitler-while-discussing-gaza-war/00000190-224f-d231-a1b2-e65f76fe0000 

14. “After Netanyahu's Holocaust Remark, Germany Cites Its Own 'Break With Civilization'”, The Two Way, 21 October 2015, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/21/450553110/after-netanyahu-s-holocaust-remark-germany-cites-its-own-break-with-civilization 

15. P 52, Tanya Reinhart, Israel/Palestine: How to End the War of 1948, Letword Publishing, New Delhi, 2003. 

16. Jake Romm, “Elements of Anti-Semitism: The limits of Zionism”, From The River to the Sea, Palestine Issue, Parapraxis, https://www.parapraxismagazine.com/articles/elements-of-anti-semitism 

17. “Israeli Forces Kill 12-Year-Old Child and 66-Year-Old Man in Raids on Occupied West Bank”, 8 October 2024, Democracy Now!, https://www.democracynow.org/2024/10/8/headlines/israeli_forces_kill_12_year_old_child_and_66_year_old_man_in_raids_on_occupied_west_bank

18. “Deadly fire rips through tents after Israeli attack on Gaza hospital”, Al Jazeera, 14 October 2024, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/10/14/live-22-dead-80-wounded-as-israeli-army-shells-gaza-school-shelter